Rivers and life

Trade with overseas countries increased especially under Peter I. The former half-merchant, half-warrior, who risked transporting goods on a fragile boat, turned into a merchant-shipowner who used mercenary force. Peter I correctly assessed the importance of rivers for Russia and conceived the idea of uniting the water systems of the Russian Plain, connecting the Neva with the Volga, through Vytegra, Kovzha and Beloe Lake, i.e. he outlined the route of the future Mariinsky system, he wanted to connect the Volga and Don canal, outlining the route of the Volga-Don Canal. In 1722, only one was completed, the Vyshnevolotsky Canal. A. N. Radishchev called the Vyshnevolotsk system a "handmade river", a worthy monument for posterity. These artificial waterways were further developed only after 100 years. From 1803 to 1838, shipping traffic was opened along a number of channels.


The Berezinsky water system connected the Dniester and the Western Dvina, the Vistula and the Neman were connected by the Augustow Canal. In 1810, the Mariinsky Railway was opened, the most advanced system connecting St. Petersburg with the central regions. 26 locks and an aqueduct were built, which supplied water to the canal from Lake Kovzha. The route to the Volga went along the Neva, Lake Ladoga, Sviri, Lake Onega, and Vytegra. The vessels ascended to the watershed through the sluiced Vytegra. The canal laid here led them to Kovzha, which flows into the White Lake, then along the Sheksna the ships entered the Volga. In 1811, ships began moving from the Volga to the Neva and St. Petersburg along the Tikhvin system — along the Mologa, Chagodoshche, Tikhvinka, and Syasi rivers to Lake Ladoga. The Volga was also connected to the White Sea. By 1828, the Sheksna River and the system of small lakes and rivers paved the way to Kubenskoe Lake. From here there was a free natural road along the Sukhona and the Northern Dvina to Arkhangelsk and the White Sea. Small vessels are still passing through the channels of this system from Sheksna to Dubenskoye Lake. Not all structures were successful. For only a few years, there was a canal connecting the Kama and Vychegda rivers through the North and South Keltma rivers. From 1825 to 1844, work was carried out to connect the Moscow and Volga rivers. The planned waterway was to run from Moscow along the Istra, Sister, Dubna to the Volga. The implementation of Peter the Great's plan to replace portages with canals was suspended due to the construction of railways. Meanwhile, the transport revolution in the middle of the 19th century was also taking place on waterways. Already in 1765, I. I. Polzunov built the first "fire-fighting machine", which determined the beginning of the development of the steam fleet on the rivers. By 1860, about 220 steamships belonging to various joint-stock companies were already sailing on the Volga and its tributaries. The Nizhny Novgorod Fair flourished at the mouth of the Oka River. Bread, cotton and other goods traveling by water from the south of the country were loaded into railway wagons in Yaroslavl and Rybinsk. Rafts were sailing down the Volga and its tributaries. Water transport has not lost its economic importance even after the advent of railways. Its role in the transportation of goods, as well as many passengers, is great in our time. Safety and regulatory compliance are fundamental to the platform's operations, providing complete peace of mind for players. When you utilize a 1xbet promo code philippines that guarantees 100% bonus up to $130 or €1950 with 150 free spins, you're operating within a fully licensed and regulated environment. The platform holds a respected Curacao eGaming license, ensuring adherence to strict international standards. Advanced SSL encryption safeguards all personal and financial information, while comprehensive responsible gambling features, including deposit limits, self-exclusion, and reality safe betting practices.